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Gygax at Indy 2007 Born Ernest Gary Gygax ( 1938-07-27)July 27, 1938,, U.S. Died March 4, 2008 (2008-03-04) (aged 69), U.S. Formoso 2000 procedimientos industriales al alcance de todos pdf gratis.
Nickname 'Father of role-playing games' Occupation Writer, game designer Period 1971–2008 Genre,, Spouse Mary Jo Powell (m. 1983) Gail Carpenter (August 15, 1987; his death) Signature Ernest Gary Gygax (; July 27, 1938 – March 4, 2008) was an American and author best known for co-creating the pioneering ( D&D) with. In the 1960s, Gygax created an organization of wargaming clubs and founded the. In 1971, he helped develop, a miniatures wargame based on warfare. He co-founded the company (TSR, Inc.) with childhood friend in 1973.
The following year, he and Arneson created D&D, which expanded on Gygax's Chainmail and included elements of the fantasy stories he loved as a child. In the same year, he founded, a magazine based around the new game. In 1977, Gygax began work on a more comprehensive version of the game, called. Gygax designed numerous manuals for the game system, as well as several pre-packaged called 'modules' that gave a person running a D&D game (the ') a rough script and ideas on how to run a particular gaming scenario. In 1983, he worked to license the D&D product line into the successful. After leaving TSR in 1985 over issues with its new majority owner, Gygax continued to create role-playing game titles independently, beginning with the multi-genre in 1992.
He designed another gaming system called, released in 1999. In 2005, Gygax was involved in the role-playing game, which was conceived as a hybrid between the third edition of D&D and the original version of the game conceived by Gygax. Gygax was married twice and had six children. In 2004, Gygax suffered two strokes, narrowly avoided a subsequent heart attack, was then diagnosed with an, and died in March 2008. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Early life and inspiration [ ] Gygax was born in Chicago, the son of Almina Emelie 'Posey' (Burdick) and immigrant and former violinist Ernst Gygax. He was named Ernest after his father, but he was commonly known as Gary, the middle name given to him by his mother after the actor.: 16 The family lived on Kenmore Avenue, close enough to that he could hear the roar of the crowds watching the play.: 15 At age 7, he became a member of a small group of friends who called themselves the 'Kenmore Pirates'.
In 1946, after the Kenmore Pirates were involved in a fracas with another gang of boys, his father decided to move the family to Posey's family home in, where Posey's family had settled in the early 19th century, and where Gary's grandparents still lived. In this new setting, Gygax soon made friends with several of his peers, including and tomboy Mary Jo Powell.
During his childhood and teen years, he developed a love of games and an appreciation for fantasy and science fiction literature. When he was five, he played card games such as and then board games such as. At the age of ten, he and his friends played the sort of make-believe games that eventually came to be called ' with one of them acting as a referee. His father introduced him to science fiction and fantasy through. His interest in games, combined with an appreciation of history, eventually led Gygax to begin playing in 1953 with his best friend.
As teenagers Gygax and Kaye designed their own miniatures rules for toy soldiers with a large collection of 54 mm and 70 mm figures, where they used 'ladyfingers' (small firecrackers) to simulate explosions. By the time he reached his teens, Gygax had a voracious appetite for authors such as,,,, and.: 40 Gygax was a mediocre student, and in 1956, a few months after his father died, he dropped out of high school in his junior year.: 43 He briefly joined the Marines, but after being diagnosed with, he was given a medical discharge and moved back home with his mother.: 49 From there, he commuted to a job as shipping clerk with in Chicago. Shortly after his return, a friend introduced him to 's new wargame, and Gygax was soon obsessed with the game, often playing marathon sessions once a week or more. It was also from Avalon Hill that he ordered the first blank sheets that were available, which he then employed to design his own games. At about the same time that he discovered Gettysburg, his mother re-introduced him to Mary Jo Powell, who had left Lake Geneva as a child and had just returned. Gygax was smitten with the beautiful young woman, and after a short courtship, persuaded her to marry him, despite the fact that he was only 19.
This caused some friction with his best friend Don Kaye, who had also been wooing Mary Jo, to the point where Kaye refused to attend Gygax's wedding.: 47 (Kaye and Gygax reconciled after the wedding.) The young couple moved to Chicago where Gygax continued as a shipping clerk at Kemper Insurance, and also found Mary Jo a job there too. (The company laid her off when she became pregnant with their first child.): 53 At Mary Jo's insistence, he also attended night classes in junior college to earn his high school diploma, and this time he excelled at his studies and made the college's Dean's List. He also took classes at the. Gygax also volunteered as a Republican precinct captain during the, and observed many infractions by his Democratic counterpart. When he threatened to report these, he was offered a full scholarship to the University of Chicago if he kept silent. Although Gygax ultimately did not report the infractions, since he felt nothing would be done, he also did not accept the scholarship.: 54 Despite his commitments to his job, raising a family, school, and his political volunteerism, Gygax continued to play wargames.